Study on state prediction and topology methods of power transmission for distributed electric propulsion aircraft

分布式电推进飞机动力能源系统状态预测及输电拓扑方法研究

¹ School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
² National Key Laboratory of Aircraft Configuration Design, Xi'an 710072, China

Received: 13 December 2024

Abstract

To address the challenges of severe power demand fluctuations insufficient state prediction accuracy of the power and energy system and significant losses in the transmission system under high-load scenarios such as vertical/short takeoff and landing (eVTOL/eSTOL) and transition flights, a high-precision state prediction method suitable for complex scenarios is proposed. A required power calculation model for propulsion system across complete flight profile is firstly established based on the energy flow and efficiency analysis of propulsion components. Then, a state prediction model for UAV energy systems is developed by using an equivalent circuit model (ECM) with model parameters identified through PSO. Finally, three transmission topology schemes are designed for the power and energy system of a specific eSTOL UAV. The transmission system model couples the power calculation model and the energy state prediction model and the performance of each scheme is evaluated through simulations. Results show that the "Energy Distribution-Full Cable Distribution" scheme reduces the maximum voltage and power losses by 41.67% and 42.5% respectively while improving transmission efficiency compared to traditional schemes. The DP model demonstrates the significant advantages in the dynamic response and transient characteristics making it suitable for complex scenarios with drastic power demand changes.

摘要

针对eVTOL/eSTOL等分布式电推进飞机在垂直/短距起降及过渡飞行等高负荷工况下功率需求剧烈波动、动力能源系统状态预测精度不足及输电系统损耗显著的问题, 提出了一种适用于复杂工况的高精度动力能源系统状态预测方法。根据推进单元各部件能量流动和效率分析, 建立了完整飞行剖面下推进系统需用功率计算模型。基于等效电路模型(ECM)建立了无人机能源系统状态预测模型, 并采用PSO辨识模型参数。针对某项目eSTOL无人机的动力能源系统设计了3种输电拓扑方案, 建立输电系统模型将功率计算模型和能源状态预测模型耦合, 通过仿真评估各方案性能。结果表明, "能源分布-线缆全分"方案与传统方案相比在降低输电系统质量的同时, 最大电压和功率损失分别减少了41.67%和42.5%, 系统效率最高, 并且DP模型在动态响应和瞬态特性捕捉方面具有显著优势, 适用于功率需求剧烈变化的复杂工况。