Study on the deformation law and influence of large passenger aircraft in full-scale aircraft static test

大型客机全机静力试验飞机变形规律及影响研究

¹ State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
² National Key Laboratory of Strength and Structural Integrity, Aircraft Strength Research Institute of China, Xi'an 710065, China

Received: 11 February 2025

Abstract

The full-aircraft static test constitutes a simulation of various load states, conducted on the aircraft structure within a fixed coordinate system in a laboratory setting. It is imperative to take into account the ultimate deformation and displacement of the aircraft. This paper introduces the main configurations in the process of aircraft development and analyses the special characteristics of the test configurations. Combined with the typical loading conditions of the full-scale static test of a large passenger aircraft, the deformation characteristics of the aircraft are analyzed, and the deformation laws of each major section under different loading conditions are summarized. The effects of large deformation of the aircraft structure on load calculation, load application, attitude control and test execution are analyzed. The study proposes key factors affecting the accuracy of the test, including the determination of the optimal position and attitude for the test condition, the precise control of the aircraft attitude, and the precise calculation of the load after the large deformation of the structure. In addition, the study puts forward evaluation indexes for the accuracy of the test from the three dimensions of load balance, stability of attitude, and reasonableness of data. The results of the study are of great value for the characterization of large deformation aircraft and for the lateral comparison of the quality of test precision.

摘要

全机静力试验是在实验室固定坐标系下对飞机结构开展的各种载荷状态模拟, 试验中需要考虑飞机的极限变形和变位。介绍了飞机研制过程中的主要构型, 分析了试验构型的特殊性。结合大型客机全机静力试验典型载荷工况, 分析了飞机的变形特征, 总结了各主要部段在不同载荷状态下的变形规律。分析了飞机结构大变形对载荷计算、载荷施加、姿态控制和试验实施等方面的影响。基于飞机结构变形特征, 提出了试验工况最优位姿确定、飞机姿态精准控制、结构大变形后载荷精确计算等影响试验精准性的关键因素, 并从载荷平衡性、姿态稳定性、数据合理性3个维度提出了试验精准性的评价指标。研究结果对于大变形飞机的特征分析和试验精准性品质横向比较具有重要参考价值。