Optimization of process parameters of strong spinning of GCr15 bearing steel based on carbide control

基于碳化物调控的GCr15轴承钢强力旋轧工艺参数优化

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China

Received: 24 May 2024

Abstract

In order to realize the uniform and fine carbide control in GCr15 bearing steel with the strong spinning process, the main process parameters of the GCr15 bearing steel were first optimized with the response surface method and the finite element method in the strong spinning process. To comprehensively consider the deformation of a pipe fitting during the rolling process and the distribution of carbide after rolling, the second-order response model that combines the finite element simulation with the RSM was established by taking the mean strain of the cross-section of the pipe fitting and the uniformity of strain distribution as the optimization objectives. Based on the simulation results and the response model, the influence of each parameter on the optimization objectives was systematically analyzed, and a set of optimal parameter combinations were obtained and verified with experiments. The results show that: the distribution of carbides in the raw materials is significantly uniform and refined with the optimized parameters; the particle size of carbide reaches 0.2-0.3 μm after spheroidization annealing. In conclusion, this study verifies the effectiveness of the proposed process parameter optimization strategy, having important practical significance for improving the forming quality of GCr15 bearing steel.

摘要

通过使用强力旋轧工艺实现对GCr15轴承钢中碳化物的均细化调控, 针对强力旋轧过程, 应用响应面法(RSM)和有限元法(FEM)对其主要工艺参数进行了联合优化。为了综合考虑管件在轧制过程中的变形与轧后碳化物的分布情况, 以管件横剖面应变均值和应变分布均匀性作为优化目标, 建立了有限元模拟与响应面法相结合的二阶响应模型。基于模拟结果及响应模型, 系统分析了各个参数对优化目标的影响规律, 得到了一组最优参数组合并对其进行试验验证。结果表明, 采用优化后参数, 原材料中碳化物的分布实现了显著的均匀细化, 并且在球化退火后, 碳化物粒度达到0.2~0.3 μm。综上所述, 该研究验证了所提出的工艺参数优化策略的有效性, 对于提高GCr15轴承钢的成形质量具有重要的实践意义。