The buffeting loading method research based on the all-movable vertical tail structure

基于飞机全动垂尾结构的抖振载荷加载方法研究

¹ Aircraft Strength Research Institute of China, Xi'an 710065, China
² National Key Laboratory of Strength and Structural Integrity, Xi'an 710065, China

Received: 8 December 2024

Abstract

During high-angle-of-attack flight and other severe conditions, high-maneuverability aircrafts often experience strong buffeting phenomena in critical structures such as the all-movable vertical tail structure, necessitating dynamic fatigue tests under combined buffeting and aerodynamic loads. To address the loading requirements for such tests, this paper develops a "Hydrostatic Spherical Coupling + Rubber Plate" buffeting excitation system and a shaking table servo system. The system achieves vertical loading on deformed surfaces by real-time tracking of the vertical tail's spatial deformation, while employing low-interference force control to minimize the impact of the loading device on the structure's dynamic characteristics. Experiments were conducted using a vertical tail simulator with identical dynamic characteristics to validate the proposed loading method. Results demonstrate that the system can stably apply low-, medium-, and high-level buffeting loads on the vertical tail structure, with reliable operation and complete data acquisition. The loading method meets the technical requirements for dynamic fatigue tests of all-movable vertical tail structures and exhibits direct engineering applicability, capable of being extended to real-structure testing.

摘要

在大攻角飞行等严酷工况下高机动性飞机的一些典型结构, 如全动垂尾结构, 会发生强烈的抖振, 亟需开展抖振载荷和气动载荷联合作用下的动态疲劳试验。针对此类试验中抖振载荷的加载需求, 设计研发了"双液压球头+橡胶板"抖振加载系统与振动台随动加载系统。该系统通过实时追踪垂尾变形后的空间姿态, 实现了对变形翼面的垂直加载, 同时采用低干扰力控技术将加载装置对结构动力学特性的影响降至最小。基于具有相同动特性的垂尾模拟件, 开展了加载方法的试验验证。结果表明: 文中提出的加载方法可稳定施加低、中、高量级抖振载荷, 系统运行可靠且数据完整有效, 验证了其满足全动垂尾动态疲劳试验的技术要求, 具有直接工程应用价值, 可推广至真实结构的试验中。