Research review on design method of ice protection system for civil aircraft based on ice-tolerant concept

基于容冰概念的民机结冰保护系统设计方法研究综述

¹ School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
² Shanghai Aircraft Design and Research Institute, Shanghai, 201210, China
³ School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
⁴ Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China

Received: 19 December 2020

Abstract

Icing is an important disaster-causing factor which threatens the flight safety of civil aircraft and a major safety issue of concern for the airworthiness. The design of icing protection system based on ice-tolerant concept can minimize the impact of icing on aerodynamic characteristics and fully utilize the potential of flight performance, which is the frontier direction of current icing protection research for civil aircraft. This paper aims at the requirements of civil aircraft flight safety design and airworthiness certification. The design method of civil aircraft icing protection system based on the concept of ice-tolerant capacity is analyzed from two aspects. One is the capacity of ice-tolerant for aircraft frame, the other one is the design of ice-tolerant with active control. The optimum design strategy of wing in aerodynamic performance considering icing loss is refined and the design idea of ice-tolerant protection control system based on flight control law reconstruction is formed. The change from passive flight safety of icing to active safety design of icing can effectively improve the survivability and safety of civil aircraft under icing weather conditions.

摘要

结冰是威胁民机飞行安全的重要致灾因素，也是适航审查方关注的重大安全问题。基于容冰概念开展结冰保护系统设计，最大程度降低结冰对飞机气动特性的影响，充分发挥飞行性能潜力，是当前民用飞机结冰防护研究的前沿方向。针对民机飞行安全性设计和适航认证需求，从飞机本体容冰设计和主动控制容冰设计两方面出发，对基于容冰概念的民机结冰保护系统设计方法进行分析。针对结冰损失，提炼了考虑结冰损失的机翼气动优化设计策略，形成了基于飞行控制律重构的容冰保护控制系统设计思路，将"被动结冰飞行安全"向"主动结冰安全设计"转变，能够有效提升民机在结冰气象条件下的生存力和安全性。