Optimizing and designing upper-stage separation spring of lifting-body rocket

升力体火箭上面级分离弹簧优化设计研究

Beijing Institute of Astronautical Systems Engineering, Beijing 100076, China

Received: 23 February 2023

Abstract

Because the upper-stage separation of a lifting-body rocket is difficult under the low-altitude and high-speed flight environments, an upper-stage separation scheme based on the separation spring is proposed. The integration of ADAMS and MATLAB realizes the multi-body dynamics simulation analysis of upper-stage separation. The experimental design method is used to carry out the target simulation and calculation of the upper-stage separation process, with the separation condition deviation and the separation spring deviation considered at the same time, thus ensuring the reliability of the separation scheme. In order to further optimize the separation scheme, an upper-stage separation optimization model is established with the Isight software, and the mass of separation spring is optimized with the multi-island genetic algorithm and significantly reduced by 48.87% under the condition that the upper-stage separation process satisfies all constraints, thereby effectively improving the performance of the lifting-body rocket.

摘要

针对升力体火箭在低空高速飞行环境下上面级分离难度大的问题, 提出了一种基于分离弹簧的上面级分离方案, 将ADAMS和Matlab集成实现了分离多体动力学仿真分析, 采用试验设计方法对同时考虑分离工况偏差和分离弹簧偏差的上面级分离过程进行打靶仿真计算, 确保了分离方案的可靠性。为了进一步优化分离方案, 基于Isight建立了上面级分离优化问题模型, 并采用多岛遗传算法对分离弹簧质量进行了优化设计, 在确保分离过程满足全部约束条件的情况下使分离弹簧质量大幅降低, 其降幅达到了48.87%, 有效提升了火箭性能。