Parameter identification method for brushless DC motors of electrical hoist application

电动绞车用无刷直流电机参数辨识方法

School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China

Received: 28 April 2025

Abstract

Brushless DC motors (BLDCMs) have been widely adopted across various fields. However, implementing advanced algorithms for high-performance torque control typically relies on accurate mathematical models, requiring precise parameters including inductance, resistance, and back electromotive force (EMF) coefficients. Unlike permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) that achieve unified mathematical models through coordinate transformation, BLDCMs exhibit distinct mathematical models during commutation and non-commutation phases due to their "three-phase six-step" driving mode. Addressing this challenge, this paper conducts a comprehensive investigation into the mathematical models of BLDCMs across different operational phases and modulation methods, ultimately establishing a unified mathematical framework. Building upon this foundation, a model reference adaptive algorithm-based parameter identification method is proposed. This innovative approach enables offline identification of inductance and resistance parameters, while simultaneously performing online identification of inductance and back EMF coefficients. Experimental results have verified that this method can achieve high identification accuracy for stator inductance, resistance, and back EMF coefficients. Particularly suited for hoist motors requiring frequent start-stop operations, this methodology shows significant practical value in applications demanding robust parameter identification under dynamic operating conditions.

摘要

无刷直流电机在很多领域得到了广泛应用, 而如果要借助先进算法对转矩进行高性能控制, 往往依赖于准确的数学模型, 即需要准确的电感参数、电阻参数以及反电势系数。与永磁同步电机通过坐标轴变换获取统一数学模型不同, 无刷直流电机由于采用"三相六步"驱动模式, 在换相和非换相阶段具有不同的数学模型。针对该问题, 对无刷直流电机在不同阶段以及不同调制方式下的数学模型进行详细研究, 并建立了统一的数学模型, 在此基础上提出了一种基于模型参考自适应算法的参数辨识方法, 该方法可以对电感、电阻进行离线辨识, 对电感和反电势系数进行在线辨识。通过实验验证了该方法可以对定子电感、电阻以及反电势系数获得较高的辨识精度, 非常适合于绞车电机这种需要频繁起停的场景。