Dynamic characteristics and lightweight optimization design of the main reduction gear structure of a certain light helicopter

某直升机主减面齿轮结构动态特性分析与轻量化优化设计

¹ Key Laboratory of Road Construction Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710016, China
² School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
³ Xi'an Laser Transmission Technology Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710000, China

Received: 13 December 2024

Abstract

A light helicopter is widely used in low-altitude transportation. How to improve gear transmission efficiency and enhance the smoothness, durability and reliability of the traditional face gear transmission system are urgent problems to be solved. To carry out the weight reduction and dynamic characteristic analysis of the face gear body structure, the paper proposes a face gear body structural lightweight optimization design method that combines topological optimization and parametric optimization. The 3D model of the face gear was established with the finite element method. The solid isotropic material with penalization topological optimization and the sensitivity analysis of the face gear body structure were carried out to select the key design parameters. The multi-objective genetic algorithm was used to realize the multi-objective parametric optimization. The optimization results show that after topological optimization, the mass of the face gear body is reduced by 35.34%, that the maximum equivalent stress decreases by 15.44% and that the maximum axial displacement of the face gear rim decreases by 29.19%. The traveling wave resonance analysis indicates that no-nodal diameter resonance points are within the working rotational speed range of the face gear body, significantly enhancing its strength and axial stiffness.

摘要

随着轻型直升机在低空交通领域的广泛应用, 传动系统的轻量化与动态性能优化成为关键技术之一。传统的面齿轮传动系统在高负载、高转速下常面临面齿轮轮体结构复杂、质量较大以及齿轮副啮合不平稳等问题, 导致传动效率不高和系统可靠性降低。因此, 如何在保证强度与刚度的前提下实现轻量化, 同时提升齿轮传动的平稳性与可靠性, 是当前亟待解决的问题。针对上述问题, 提出一种结合拓扑优化与参数化优化的面齿轮轮体轻量化设计方法, 以优化其动力学特性并减轻质量。通过有限元方法建立面齿轮的三维模型, 并使用SIMP拓扑优化实现材料去除, 随后通过灵敏度分析筛选关键设计参数, 采用MOGA算法实现多目标参数化优化。优化结果表明, 优化后的面齿轮轮体质量减少35.34%, 最大等效应力降低15.44%, 最大轴向位移降低29.19%。同时, 行波共振分析显示, 优化后轮体在工作转速范围内无节径型共振点, 动态响应表现出显著的平稳性提升。