The fluid-structure interaction dynamic numerical simulation of the ice-breaking and water-exit process of the underwater vehicle

航行体破冰出水过程的流固耦合动力学数值仿真

¹ School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
² Key Laboratory of Unmanned Underwater Vehicle, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China

Received: 8 July 2025

Abstract

Studying the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle during the water-exit process through ice-breaking has significant scientific value and engineering significance for improving its performance and ensuring the safety of polar missions. Focusing on the dynamic characteristics of ice fragmentation and impact loads during the water-exit process of a vehicle breaking through ice, this paper establishes a numerical simulation method for the ice-vehicle-water coupling interaction based on the ALE algorithm and the penalty function contact algorithm. The dynamic characteristics under different launch velocities and dual-vehicle launch conditions are investigated, and the ice fragmentation characteristics and vehicle load characteristics during the water-exit process are obtained. The research results show that the water-exit process of the vehicle breaking through ice can be divided into three stages. The load on the vehicle mainly consists of fluid force and contact force, with the peak contact force reaching 2 600 kN and the peak fluid force reaching 1 400 kN. The fluid force on the dual-vehicle configuration is reduced by 50% compared with that on the single-vehicle configuration during ice-breaking. As the launch velocity increases, the velocity decay rate of the vehicle gradually decreases. When the launch velocity is 50 m/s, the velocity decay rate is 5.98%. The research results can provide theoretical basis and technical support for underwater launch engineering of vehicles in polar environments.

摘要

研究航行体破冰出水过程的动力学特性, 对提升其性能与保障极地任务安全具有重要的科学价值和工程意义。针对航行体破冰出水过程中复杂的浮冰破碎过程与冲击载荷动力学特性, 建立基于ALE算法和罚函数接触算法的冰-航行体-水相互耦合作用的数值模拟方法, 对不同发射速度和双航行体发射条件下的动力学特性进行研究, 得到了航行体破冰出水时浮冰破碎特征与航行体载荷特性。研究结果表明, 航行体破冰出水可分为3个阶段。航行体受力主要由流体作用力和碰撞力构成, 碰撞力峰值可达2 600 kN, 流体作用力峰值为1 400 kN。双航行体比单航行体破冰所受流体作用力降低50%。发射速度提高, 航行体速度衰减率逐渐下降, 发射速度为50 m/s时, 速度衰减率为5.98%。研究结果可为极地环境航行体水下发射工程提供理论依据和技术支持。